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O que (quem) é hypotonicity - definição
![A [[red blood cell]] in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blausen 0683 OsmoticFlow Hypertonic.png?width=200 "A [[red blood cell]] in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell.")
![A [[red blood cell]] in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blausen 0684 OsmoticFlow Hypotonic.png?width=200 "A [[red blood cell]] in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell.")
![Depiction of a [[red blood cell]] in an isotonic solution.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blausen 0685 OsmoticFlow Isotonic.png?width=200 "Depiction of a [[red blood cell]] in an isotonic solution.")
Wikipédia
In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane. Tonicity depends on the relative concentration of selective membrane-impermeable solutes across a cell membrane which determine the direction and extent of osmotic flux. It is commonly used when describing the swelling-versus-shrinking response of cells immersed in an external solution.
Unlike osmotic pressure, tonicity is influenced only by solutes that cannot cross the membrane, as only these exert an effective osmotic pressure. Solutes able to freely cross the membrane do not affect tonicity because they will always equilibrate with equal concentrations on both sides of the membrane without net solvent movement. It is also a factor affecting imbibition.
There are three classifications of tonicity that one solution can have relative to another: hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. A hypotonic solution example is distilled water.
